Landscape Horticulture Course Descriptions
(this page updated July 22, 2020)
At the end of each course’s description, there is a notation which indicates whether the course is either a requirement or an elective option for any of our degrees and/or certificates.
Degree/cert notes legend:
BH: Basic Horticulture
L, D & C: Landscape Design & Construction
PM: Parks & Maintenance
NM.: Nursery Management
Perm: Permaculture
AA/LA: Landscape Architecture
Arb: Arboriculture
CA: Certificate of Achievement
CP: Certificate of Proficiency
D: Degree
AA: Associate of Arts Degree
AS: Associate of Science
Note: If a class you need for your award has been canceled or may not be scheduled soon, substitutions of other units within the your LANHT major may be possible. Feel free to discuss options with dept. chairs/staff. We want to help you to graduate!
LH1, 1E
LH1: Introduction to Landscape Horticulture with Lab (LH 1-Day) Units: 3
LH1E: Introduction to Landscape Horticulture (LH 1- Evening) Units: 3
LH1: 2 hours lecture, 3 hours laboratory (GR or P/NP)
LH1E: 3 hours lecture (GR or P/NP)
Not open for credit to students who have already completed or are currently enrolled in same.
Acceptable for credit: CSU, UC
Description: Principles and practices of basic landscape horticulture: Brief history of horticulture, landscape planting and transplanting, soils, soil water, water quality, watering, overview of structure of higher plants, plant metabolism, vegetative/reproductive growth and development, plant propagation, hormones and plant growth, climate, light and plant growth, fertilizers and mineral nutrition; brief review of organic gardening, biological competitors of useful plants, gardening maintenance and long-term care options, branches of horticulture, and job opportunities. Day with lab includes planting, garden renovation, classroom demonstrations, and field trips to prominent Bay Area landscapes. Evening includes slide presentations substituted for lab. 0109.00 AA/AS area 1
D/CA: required for BH CA; LD&C- CA, D; P&M- CA, D; NM.= CA, D; Arb= CA, D;
LH 2, 2E
LH2: Plant Materials: Tree ID and Culture with Lab (LH 2- Day) Units: 3
LH2E Plant Materials: Tree ID and Culture (LH 2E- Evening) Units: 3
LH2: 2 hours lecture, 3 hours laboratory (GR or P/NP)LH2E: 3 hours lecture (GR or P/NP)
Recommended preparation: LH 1 or 1E, and 23
Not open for credit to students who have already completed or are currently enrolled in same.
Acceptable for credit: CSU, UC
Description: Identification and culture of trees used in Bay Area landscapes: Climate, soil, and water preferences; garden culture; pest and disease problems; and pruning and propagation. The day with lab includes planting, garden renovation, classroom demonstrations, and field trips to prominent Bay Area landscapes. Evening: includes slide presentations substituted for lab. 0109.00
D/CA (as option): Plant ID option for: BH CA; LD&C- CA, D; P&M- CA, D; NM= CA, D;
D/CA (required): AA/LA. D; Arb= CA, D
LH 3, 3E
LH3: Plant Materials: Ground Covers and Vines ID and Culture with Lab (Day) Units: 3
LH3E: Plant Materials: Ground Covers and Vines ID and Culture (Evening) Units: 3
LH3: 2 hours lecture, 3 hours laboratory (GR or P/NP)
LH3E: 3 hours lecture (GR or P/NP)
Recommended preparation: LH 1 or 1E, and 23
Not open for credit to students who have already completed or are currently enrolled in same.
Acceptable for credit: CSU, UC
Description: Identification and culture of groundcovers and vines used in Bay Area landscapes: Climate, soil, and water preferences; garden culture; pest and disease problems; and pruning and propagation. Day with lab includes planting, garden renovation, classroom demonstrations, and field trips to prominent Bay Area landscapes. Evening includes slide presentations substituted for lab. 0109.00
D/CA (as option): Plant ID option for: BH CA; LD&C- CA, D; P&M- CA, D; NM= CA, D
LH 4, 4E
LH4: Plant Materials: Shrubs ID and Culture with Lab (Day) Units: 3
LH4E: Plant Materials: Shrubs ID and Culture (Evening) Units: 3
LH4: 2 hours lecture, 3 hours laboratory (GR or P/NP)
LH4E: 3 hours lecture (GR or P/NP)
Recommended preparation: LH 1 or 1E, and 23
Not open for credit to students who have already completed or are currently enrolled in same.
Acceptable for credit:CSU, UC
Description: Identification and culture of shrubs used in Bay Area landscapes: Climate, soil, and water preferences; garden culture; pest and disease problems; and pruning and propagation. The day (LH 3) lab includes planting, garden renovation, classroom demonstrations, and field trips to prominent Bay Area landscapes. Evening includes slide presentations substituted for lab. 0109.00
D/CA (as option): Plant ID option for: BH CA; LD&C- CA, D; P&M- CA, D; NM= CA, D;
LH 5A, 5B, 5EA, 5EB
LH5A/LH5AE: Plant Materials: Fall Native Plant ID and Culture Units: 3
LH5B/LH5EB: Plant Materials: Spring Native Plant ID and Culture (Eve) Units: 3
LH5A, 5B: 2 hours lecture, 3 hours laboratory (GR or P/NP)
LH5EA, 5EB: 3 hours lecture (GR or P/NP)
Recommended preparation: LH 1 or 1E, and 23
Not open for credit to students who have already completed or are currently enrolled in same.
Acceptable for credit: CSU
Description: Identification and culture of fall (5A & 5EA) and spring (5B & 5EB) native plants used in the landscape: Climate, soil, and water preferences; garden culture; pest and disease problems; and pruning and propagation. The lab includes classroom demonstrations and field trips to prominent Bay Area landscapes. Evening includes slide presentations substituted for lab. 0109.00
D/CA (as option): Plant ID option for: BH CA; LD&C- CA, D; P&M- CA, D; NM= CA, D; AA/LA. D
LH 6A, 6B, 6EA, 6EB
LH6A/LH6AE: Fall Herbaceous Plant ID and Culture Units: 3
LH6B/LH6EB: Spring Herbaceous Plant ID and Culture (Eve) Units: 3
LH6A, 6E: 2 hours lecture, 3 hours laboratory (GR or P/NP)
LH6EA, 6EB: 3 hours lecture (GR or P/NP)
Recommended preparation: LH 1 or 1E, and 23
Not open for credit to students who have already completed or are currently enrolled in same.
Acceptable for credit:CSU
Description: Identification and culture of fall (6A & 6EA) and spring (6B & 6EB) blooming herbaceous plants used in the landscape: Climate, soil, and water preferences; garden culture; pest and disease problems; and pruning and propagation. The lab includes planting, garden renovation, classroom demonstrations, and field trips to prominent Bay Area landscapes. Evening includes slide presentations substituted for lab. 0109.00
D/CA (as option): Plant ID option for: BH- CA; LD&C- CA, D; P&M- CA, D; NM- CA, D; AA/LA.- D
LH 7, 7E
Conifer ID and Culture with Lab (Day)
Conifer ID and Culture (Evening)
Units: 3
LH7: 2 hours lecture, 3 hours laboratory (GR or P/NP)
LH7E: 3 hours lecture (GR or P/NP)
Recommended preparation: LH 1 or 1E, and 23
Not open for credit to students who have already completed or are currently enrolled in same.
Acceptable for credit:CSU
Description: Identification and culture of conifers used in the landscape: Climate, soil, and water preferences; garden culture; pest and disease problems; and pruning and propagation. The lab includes planting, garden renovation, classroom demonstrations, and field trips to prominent Bay Area landscapes. Evening includes slide presentations substituted for lab. 0109.00
D/CA (as option): Plant ID option for: BH- CA; LD&C- CA, D; P&M- CA, D; NM- CA, D
LH 8, 8E
LH8: Turf ID, Culture and Management with Lab (Day) Units: 3
LH8E: Turf ID, Culture and Management (Evening) Units: 3
LH8 Class: 2 hours lecture, 3 hours laboratory (GR or P/NP)
LH8 Class: 3 hours lecture (GR or P/NP)
Recommended preparation: LH 1 or 1E, and 23
Not open for credit to students who have already completed or are currently enrolled in same.
Acceptable for credit: CSU
Description: Identification of turf plants, their role in the landscape, and turf management: Plant selection, establishment and maintenance; identification of common problems and their treatments. Day with lab includes turf establishment, turf renovation, turf equipment, and field trips to locations using turf such as golf courses, athletic fields and sports complexes. Evening: slide presentations and field lectures substituted for lab. 0109.4
D/CA (as option): option for: BH CA; LD&C- CA, D; P&M- CA, D
LH 9A, 9B, 9C
LH 9A SketchUp Pro I; 9B SketchUp Pro II; SketchUp Pro III
Units: 3
Class: 3 hours lecture (GR or P/NP)
Acceptable for credit:CSU
Description: 9A: Introduction to the SketchUp 3D drawing program: Basic operating procedures, drawing and editing tools, and 3D drawing and presentation techniques for making presentations to clients, contractors, and other professionals. 9B: Continuation of LH 9A: Advanced SketchUp tools including rending, landform modeling, and virtual walkthroughs. 9C: Continuation of LH 9A: Advanced SketchUp tools including rending, landform modeling, and virtual walkthroughs. 0109.10
D/CA (as option): option for: LD&C- CA, D; AA/LA- D
LH 10 Insects: Identification and Management
Units: 3
Class: 2.5 hours lecture, 1.5 hours laboratory (GR or P/NP)
Recommended preparation: LH 1 or 1E
Acceptable for credit: CSU
Description: Study of local insects, especially those associated with ornamental/landscape plants: Emphasis on biology and identification of pests and beneficial insects; identification of associated plant damage; principles and methods of integrated pest management; methods of collecting and preserving insects. 0109.00
D/CA (as option): “Pest” option for: BH- CA; P&M- CA; NM- CA
D/CA (required): P&M- D; NM- D; Arb- CA, D
LH 11 Plant Diseases and Their Control
Units: 3
Class: 3 hours lecture (GR or P/NP)
Recommended preparation: LH 1 or 1E
Acceptable for credit: CSU
Description: Identification and control of diseases of landscape plants, both exotic and native. 0109.00
D/CA (as option): “Pest” option for: BH- CA; P&M- CA; NM- CA
D/CA (required): P&M- D; NM- D; Arb- CA, D
LH 12 Weeds in the Urban Landscape
Units: 3
Class: 3 hours lecture (GR or P/NP)
Recommended preparation: LH 1 or 1E, and 23
Acceptable for credit: CSU
Description: Study of nature of weeds and their interactions in the environment: Emphasis on identification and characteristics of various central California weeds, including preventive, biological, and chemical methods of weed control. 0109.00
D/CA (as option): “Pest” option for: BH- CA; P&M- CA; NM- CA
D/CA (required): P&M- D; NM- D; Arb- CA, D
LH13,13E:
LH 13 Arboriculture with Lab (Day) Units: 3
LH 13E Arboriculture (Evening) Units: 3
LH13 Class: 2 hours lecture, 3 hours laboratory (GR or P/NP)
LH13E Class: 3 hours lecture (GR or P/NP)
Not open for credit to students who have completed or are currently enrolled in LH 13E.
Acceptable for credit: CSU
Description: Principles and practices in the management of trees and shrubs in the landscape: Planting concerns (structural and environmental), pruning and its applications, grafting and budding applications, tree-hazard management, preventive maintenance and repair, diagnosing plant problems, preserving existing plants, tree valuation and tree maintenance businesses. Day with lab includes pruning, staking, fruit-tree twig identification, and field trips to perform tree-hazard evaluations, tree valuations, and to diagnose tree problems. Evening: slide presentations substituted for lab. 0109.00
D/CA (as option): option for: BH- CA; P&M- CA; LD&C- CA
D/CA (required): P&M- D, Arb- D
LH14, LH14E:
LH 14 Landscape Construction with Lab (Day) Units: 3
LH 14E Landscape Construction with Lab (Evening) Units: 3
LH14 Class: 2 hours lecture, 3 hours laboratory (GR or P/NP)
LH14E Class: 3 hours lecture (GR or P/NP)
Recommended preparation: LH 1 or 1E
Not open for credit to students who have completed or are currently enrolled in LH 14E.
Acceptable for credit: CSU Description: Principles and practices of landscape construction: Construction of fences, gates, decks, patios, walkways, retaining walls; construction tools, equipment, and hardware; concrete and masonry work; laws and regulations; Day with lab includes construction of the above-mentioned structures. Evening: Slide presentations, tool demonstrations, site analysis and model building substituted for lab. 0109.10
D/CA (as option): option for: LD&C- CA
D/CA (required): LD&C- CA, D;AA/LA- D
LH 15 Botany
Units: 4
Class: 3 hours lecture, 3 hours laboratory (GR or P/NP)
Also offered as Biol 5. Not open for credit to students who have completed or are currently enrolled in Biol 5.
Acceptable for credit: CSU, UC
Description: Introductory study of botany: Structure, physiology, genetics, ecology, and uses of plants. Laboratory work emphasizes microscopy, physiology experiments, and field identification. 0109.00
AA/AS area 1; CSU area B2, B3; IGETC area 5B, (L4)
LH 16 Soil Management
Units: 3
Class: 2.5 hours lecture, 1.5 hours laboratory (GR or P/NP)
Recommended preparation: LH 1 or 1E
Acceptable for credit: CSU, UC
Description: Origin of soils, rocks, and minerals: Physical and chemical properties, water relations of plants and soils, soil fertility and fertilizers, organic matter, soil amendments for clay and for acid and alkali soils, and the cycling of nutrients in nature. 0109.00
D/CA (as option): option for: BH- CA; P&M- CA;
D/CA (required): P&M- D; NM CA, D Arb- CA, D
LH 17 Irrigation with Lab (Day)
Units: 3
Class: 2 hours lecture, 3 hours laboratory (GR or P/NP)
Recommended preparation: LH 1 or 1E
Not open for credit to students who have completed or are currently enrolled in LH 17E.
Acceptable for credit: CSU
Description: Principles and practices of irrigation design and installation: Irrigation system components, layout, hydraulics, automatic and solid-state controllers, drip irrigation and pumps; lab includes the installation of irrigation systems. 0109.00
D/CA (as option): option for: BH CA (new); P&M- CA (new);
D/CA (required): P&M- D (new); NM- CA, D; AA/LA- D
LH 17E Irrigation (Evening)
Units: 3
Class: 3 hours lecture (GR or P/NP)
Recommended preparation: LH 1 or 1E
Not open for credit to students who have completed or are currently enrolled in LH 17.
Acceptable for credit: CSU
Description: Principles and practices of irrigation design and installation: Irrigation system components, layout, hydraulics, automatic and solid-state controllers, drip irrigation and pumps. Slide presentations, tool demonstrations, and site analysis substituted for lab. 0109.00
D/CA (as option): option for: Basic Hort CA (new); Parks- CA (new);
D/CA (required – either 17 or 17E): P&M- D (new); AA/LA. D
LH 18A Landscape Design
Units: 3
Class: 3 hours lecture (GR or P/NP)
Recommended preparation: Sketching classes, drafting classes, knowledge of plants and outdoor building materials, knowledge of landscape construction
Acceptable for credit: CSU, UC
Description: Introduction to landscape design: Licensing and professional practice issues, design program formation, site inventory and analysis, conceptual diagrams, and preliminary plan development for small-scale landscape designs. 0109.10
D/CA (as option): option for: Perm
D/CA (required): LD&C- CA, D; AA/LA- D
LH 18LA Landscape Design Laboratory
Units: 1
Class: 3 hours laboratory (GR or P/NP)
Co-requisite: LH 18A
Acceptable for credit: CSU
Description: Hands-on application of concepts presented in LH 18A: Basic drafting techniques, site inventory and analysis exercises in the field, in-class preparation of conceptual diagrams, design development drawings, and preliminary landscape plans. 0109.10
D/CA (as option): option for: Perm
D/CA (required): LD&C- CA, D; AA/LA- D
LH 18B Landscape Design
Units: 3
Class: 3 hours lecture (GR or P/NP)
Pre-requisite: LH 18A
Acceptable for credit: CSU, UC
Description:Introduction to landscape design: Advanced drawing techniques (perspective and axonometric), analysis of historical and contemporary garden styles, topographic measuring and design, landscape design cost estimating, and principles of planting design. 0109.10
D/CA (as option): option for: Perm
D/CA (required): LD&C- CA, D; AA/LA- D
LH 18LB Landscape Design Laboratory
Units: 1
Class: 3 hours laboratory (GR or P/NP)
Pre-requisite or co-requisite: LH 18A
Acceptable for credit: CSU
Description: Structure and functions of cells and tissues in plants: Elements and their functions; recognition of deficiency symptoms; sources of nutrients, organic and inorganic; absorption of water and minerals; translocation; photosynthesis; respiration and transpiration; nitrogen and carbon cycling; and application to composting. 0109.00
D/CA: option for: Perm
D/CA (required): LD&C- CA, D; AA/LA- D
LH 21 Horticultural Equipment Operation, Maintenance and Repair Units: 2
Class:2 hours lecture, 1 hour laboratory (GR or P/NP)
Acceptable for credit: CSU
Description: Basic principles of small engine operation: Engine parts, scheduling maintenance, troubleshooting engine problems, performing repairs, and safety; use of tools powered by small gas engines (lawn mowers, edgers, blowers, tillers, brush cutters, lawn aerators, chainsaws, tractors, trenchers, weed eaters, and others). 0109.00
Required (but soon will be replaced by LH81 Arborist Equipment): P&M- CA, D
LH 22A & 22B Landscape Design Laboratory:
Please Note: LH22A and 22B are obsolete course numbers for Landscape Design Lab, and are now known as LH 18LA & 18LB.
LH 23 Plant Terminology Units: 2.5
Class: 2.5 hours lecture (GR or P/NP)
Acceptable for credit: CSU
Description: Terminology used in identification of plants: Terms relating to roots, stems, leaves, flowers and fruit used in all plant identification courses and in Introduction to Landscape Horticulture. 0109.00
LH 24 Beginning Plant Propagation
Units: 3
Class: 2.5 hours lecture, 1.5 hours laboratory (GR or P/NP)
Recommended preparation: LH 1 or 1E, and 23
Acceptable for credit: CSU
Description: Survey of plant propagation: History of propagation, plant biology, sexual and asexual reproduction; principles and practices of grafting and budding, layering, division, cutting propagation, seed propagation, and micropropagation; the propagation environment including media, edaphic factors affecting plant growth, fertilization and greenhouse design. 0109.00
LH 25 Nursery Management
Units: 3
Class: 3 hours lecture (GR or P/NP)
Recommended preparation: LH 1 or 1E, and 23
Acceptable for credit: CSU
Description: Management of retail and wholesale nurseries in relation to sales, marketing, operation, layout, and production: Principles and practices of soil mixes, fertilization, watering, and scheduling. 0109.30
LH 26 Pruning
Units: .5
Class: .5 hours lecture, .5 hours laboratory (P/NP)
Acceptable for credit: CSU
Description: Elements of pruning: Basic pruning methods to more advanced techniques for pruning of ornamental trees, shrubs, vines, groundcovers, and fruit trees. 0109.00
D/CA (required): BH, PM, NM, Arb
LH 28A Permaculture Design I
Units: 3
Class: 2 hours lecture, 3 hours laboratory (GR or P/NP)
Acceptable for credit: CSU
Description: Strategies and techniques of applied ecology/permaculture design and application for designing livable human communities: Observation of natural patterns, gardening in urban settings, water and nutrient recycling in the landscape, and an introduction to the Bay Area bioregion; emphasis on permaculture ethics and principles, soil fertility, composting, and synergistic plant associations. 0109.10
CP (required): Permaculture CP
LH 28B Permaculture Design II
Units: 3
Class: 2 hours lecture, 3 hours laboratory (GR or P/NP)
Acceptable for credit: CSU
Description: Strategies and techniques of applied ecology/permaculture design and application for designing livable human communities: Observation of natural patterns, gardening in urban settings, water and nutrient recycling in the landscape, and an introduction to the Bay Area bioregion; emphasis on design and assessment of landscapes, zero waste, and mulching techniques. 0109.10
CP (required): Permaculture CP
LH 28C Permaculture Design III
Units: 3
Class: 2 hours lecture, 3 hours laboratory (GR or P/NP)
Acceptable for credit: CSU
Description: Strategies and techniques of applied ecology/permaculture design and application for designing livable human communities: Observation of natural patterns, gardening in urban settings, water and nutrient recycling in the landscape, and an introduction to the Bay Area bioregion; emphasis on water and nutrient cycling, ecovillages, food preservation, and team student designs. 0109.10
LH 28D Permaculture Design IV
Units: 3
Class: 2 hours lecture, 3 hours laboratory (GR or P/NP)
Acceptable for credit: CSU
Description: Strategies and techniques of applied ecology/permaculture design and application for designing livable human communities: Observation of natural patterns, gardening in urban settings, water and nutrient recycling in the landscape, and an introduction to the Bay Area bioregion; emphasis on harvesting wild energies, appropriate technology, orchards, and individual student designs. 0109.10
LH 29 Planting Design with Lab (Day)
Units: 3
Class: 2 hours lecture, 3 hours laboratory (GR or P/NP)
Pre-requisite: LH 18A and 22A, and 3 or 3E, and 2 or 2E or 4 or 4E
Not open for credit to students who have completed or are currently enrolled in LH 29E.
Acceptable for credit: CSU, UC
Description: Plants as landscape design elements: Ecological design criteria, functional use of plants in design, plants as spatial delineators, visual and aesthetic qualities of plants, and planting design styles; lab includes planting, planting design projects, and field trips. 0109.10
29 or 29E D/CA (required): AA/LA- D; option for LD&C- CA, D
LH 29E Planting Design with Lab (Evening)
Units: 4
Class: 4 hours lecture (GR or P/NP)
Pre-requisite: LH 18A and 22A, and 3 or 3E, and 2 or 2E or 4 or 4E (Note: these pre-requisites soon to be deleted)
Not open for credit to students who have completed or are currently enrolled in LH 29
Acceptable for credit:CSU, UC
Description: Plants as landscape design elements: Ecological design criteria, functional use of plants in design, plants as spatial delineators, visual and aesthetic qualities of plants, and planting design styles. Slide presentations and site analysis substituted for lab. 0109.10
29 or 29E D/CA (required): AA/LA- D; option for LD&C- CA, D
LH 31 Site Operations for Landscape Designers and Builders
Units: 3
Class: 2 hours lecture, 3 hours laboratory (GR or P/NP)
Acceptable for credit:CSU
Description: Site operations and procedures essential for landscape designers and builders to execute a design in the field: Slope analysis, cut and fill calculations, layout and staking, measuring, operating a transit level, and cost estimating. 0109.10
LH 33A Design Evaluation of Bay Area Landscapes
Units: 3
Class: 2 hours lecture, 3 hours laboratory (GR or P/NP)
Acceptable for credit: CSU
Course study under this section may be repeated one time for a maximum of 6 units.
Description: Investigation of selected San Francisco Bay Area land- scapes: Evaluation of plants and materials, compositional elements, history , site factors (climate, topography , soils), and social uses. 0109.10
D (required): AA/LA; D/CA option for LD&C
LH 33B Design Evaluation of Bay Area Landscapes
Units: 3
Class: 2 hours lecture, 3 hours laboratory (GR or P/NP)
Acceptable for credit: CSU
Course study under this section may be repeated one time for a maximum of 6 units.
Description: Continuation of LH 33A: Investigation of selected San Francisco Bay Area landscapes with focus on city form, cognitive mapping, behavior mapping, legibility and cultural factors. 0109.10 AA/AS area 2
LH 34A Computer-Assisted Landscape Design
Units: 3
Class: 3 hours lecture, 1 hour laboratory (GR or P/NP)
Recommended preparation: LH 18A and 18LA
Acceptable for credit: CSU
Description: Principles and techniques of 2D and 3D computer-assisted landscape design: Layering, dimensioning, technical computations, free-hand techniques, symbol libraries, and preparation of completed designs; 2D drawing and editing tools; organizational and calculation tools; section and elevation drawings. 0109.10
34 or 9 D/CA (required): AA/LA- D; option for LD&C- CA, D
LH 34B Computer-Assisted Landscape Design
Units: 3
Class: 3 hours lecture, 1 hour laboratory (GR or P/NP)
Acceptable for credit: CSU
Description: Continuation of LH 34A: Constructing and editing 3D models and landforms, and perspective and axonometric plans. 0109.10
LH34C Computer-Assisted Landscape Design
Units: 3
Class: 3 hours lecture, 1 hour laboratory (GR or P/NP)
Acceptable for credit: CSU
Description: Continuation of LH 34B: Constructing object and plant reference libraries and plant databases; advanced landscape design drawings (grading and drainage plans, layout plans, construction details). 0109.10
LH 35A Advanced Landscape Design
Units: 3
Class: 2 hours lecture, 3 hours laboratory (GR or P/NP)
Pre-requisite: LH 18B
Acceptable for credit: CSU
Description: Topographic form and design, including grading and drainage principles and practices, erosion control, cut and fill calculations, preparing and interpreting contour maps, and designing walls, stairs, and terraces. 0109.10
D/CA (required): AA/LA- D; option for LD&C- CA, D
LH 35B Advanced Landscape Design
Units: 3
Class: 2 hours lecture, 3 hours laboratory (GR or P/NP)
Pre-requisite: LH 18LB
Acceptable for credit: CSU
Description: Advanced landscape design topics, including layout and dimensioning plans, lighting design, water feature design, and custom structural detailing.
LH 36ABC Natural Building
Units: 3
Class: 2 hours lecture, 3 hours laboratory (GR or P/NP)
Also offered as Envmt 38A. Not open for credit to students who have completed or are currently enrolled in Envmt 38A.
Acceptable for credit: CSU
Description: LH36A: Building and design techniques which use energy-efficient, local, natural, sustainable, and accessible materials with a focus on urban applications: Historical and current uses of natural building materials, hands-on experience, guest lecturers, and tours of local projects; emphasis on appropriate site-specific materials and construction of natural building foundations and small projects (benches, ovens, walls). LH36B: Continuation of LH 36A: Site assessment, design sketches, and construction of natural building roof systems and small projects (natural plasters, rammed earth). LH36C: Continuation of LH 36B: Independent student projects and construction of poured adobe flooring and natural building walls with plastering. 0109.10
CP option for Perm
LH 40 Plant Materials: Mediterranean, South African and Australian Plant ID and Culture with Lab (Day)
Units: 3
Class: 2 hours lecture, 3 hours laboratory (GR or P/NP)
Recommended preparation: LH 1 or 1E, and 23
Not open for credit to students who have completed or are currently enrolled in LH 40E.
Acceptable for credit: CSU, UC
Description: Identification and culture of Mediterranean, South African and Australian plants used in the landscape: Climate, soil, and water preferences; garden culture; pest and disease problems; and pruning and propagation. The lab includes classroom demonstrations and field trips to prominent Bay Area landscapes. 0109.00
LH 40E Plant Materials: Mediterranean, South African and Australian Plant ID and Culture (Evening)
Units: 3
Class: 3 hours lecture (GR or P/NP)
Recommended preparation: LH 1 or 1E, and 23
Not open for credit to students who have completed or are currently enrolled in LH 40.
Acceptable for credit: CSU, UC
Description: Identification and culture of Mediterranean, South African and Australian plants used in the landscape: Climate, soil, and water preferences; garden culture; pest and disease problems; and pruning and propagation. Slide presentations substituted for lab. 0109.00
LH 45A Mushroom Cultivation
Units: 2
Class: 1 hours lecture, 3 hours laboratory (GR or P/NP)
Acceptable for credit: CSU
Description: Study of mushrooms in the landscape and garden for food, medicine, aesthetics, soil building, composting, and bioremediation: Relationships with plants, taxonomy, and lore; how these organisms function similarly and differently with plants; laboratory covers capture and ramping-up methods, translation of lab methods to field use. 0109.00
LH 45B Mushroom Cultivation
Units: 2
Class: 1 hours lecture, 3 hours laboratory (GR or P/NP)
Acceptable for credit: CSU
Description: Continued study of mushrooms in the landscape and garden: Emphasis on applying skills and design techniques to development of individual and group mushroom cultivation projects; laboratory covers capture and ramping-up methods, translation of lab methods to field use. 0109.00
CP option for Perm
LH 45C Mushroom Cultivation III
Units: 2
Class: 1 hours lecture, 3 hours laboratory (GR or P/NP)
Acceptable for credit: CSU
Description: Advanced study of mushrooms in the landscape and garden: Emphasis on the development of a presentation portfolio of mushroom cultivation projects; laboratory covers capture and ramping-up methods, translation of lab methods to field use. 0109.00
CP option for Perm
LH 46 Cycles of Land Use: East Bay Field Studies and Interpretation
Units: 3
Class: 3 hours lecture (GR or P/NP)
Acceptable for credit: CSU
Description: Study of the plant systems and human communities of the East Bay: Integrated study of the geology, hydrology, topography, botany, ecology, cultural history, and resource management of the local landscape; application of principles and practices of landscape design and ecological restoration; and use of field studies, mapping, oral histories, and source materials to strengthen one’s connection to the area’s past, present, and future. 0109.00
LH 48NA-TZ Selected Topics in Landscape Horticulture
Units: .5-9
Class: 0-9 hours lecture, 0-27 hours laboratory (GR or P/NP)
Acceptable for credit: CSU
Description: See section on Selected Topics. 0109.00
LH 49 Independent Study in Landscape Horticulture
Units: .5-5
Class: (GR or P/NP)
Course study under this section may be repeated three times for a maximum of 5 units.
Acceptable for credit: CSU
Description: See section on Independent Study. 0109.00
LH 50 Plant Taxonomy
Units: 3
Class: 3 hours lecture (GR or P/NP)
Acceptable for credit: CSU
Description: Techniques taught to recognize and properly explain the variation of plants and to systematically organize this information: Cataloging, identifying, and classifying species used in horticulture, both exotic and native plants. 0109.00
LH 51A Natural Landscape Interpretation
Units: .5
Class: 32 term hours laboratory (GR or P/NP)
Modular, open-entry/open-exit course: Four-day field studies trip to each different locale.
Acceptable for credit: CSU
Description: Dominant and typical plant constituents of each vegetation unit in California focusing on those species currently used in the nursery industry: Emphasis on maritime provinces (outer coastal ranges, low elevation); merging of habitat, soil and climatic factors with plant species to establish appropriate natural and horticultural context. 0109.00
LH 51B Natural Landscape Interpretation
Units: .5
Class: 32 term hours laboratory (GR or P/NP)
Modular, open-entry/open-exit course: Four-day field studies trip to each different locale.
Acceptable for credit: CSU
Description: Dominant and typical plant constituents of each vegetation unit in California focusing on those species currently used in the nursery industry: Emphasis on steppe provinces (inner coastal ranges, low-intermediate elevations, foothills); merging of habitat, soil and climatic factors with plant species to establish appropriate natural and horticultural context. 0109.00
LH 51C Natural Landscape Interpretation
Units: .5
Class: 32 term hours laboratory (GR or P/NP)
Modular, open-entry/open-exit course: Four-day field studies trip to each different locale.
Acceptable for credit: CSU
Description: Dominant and typical plant constituents of each vegetation unit in California focusing on those species currently used in the nursery industry: Emphasis on continental provinces (warm interior, lower latitude and altitude); merging of habitat, soil and climatic factors with plant species to establish appropriate natural and horticultural context. 0109.00
LH 51D Natural Landscape Interpretation
Units: .5
Class: 32 term hours laboratory (GR or P/NP)
Modular, open-entry/open-exit course: Four-day field studies trip to each different locale.
Acceptable for credit: CSU
Description: Dominant and typical plant constituents of each vegetation unit in California focusing on those species currently used in the nursery industry: Emphasis on continental provinces (cold interior, high latitude and altitude); merging of habitat, soil and climatic factors with plant species to establish appropriate natural and horticultural context. 0109.00
LH 52 Special Projects in Plant Propagation
Units: 3
Class: 2.5 hours lecture, 1.5 hours laboratory (GR or P/NP)
Pre-requisite: LH 24
Acceptable for credit: CSU
Description: In-depth study of concepts in plant propagation: Seeds, cuttings, layering, and grafting; highlighted by field trips and guest speakers. A semester-long propagation project of each student’s choosing is also required. 0109.00
LH 53 Alpines Lab
Units: 1
Class: 3 hours laboratory (GR or P/NP)
Acceptable for credit: CSU
Course study under this section may be repeated three times for a maximum of 4 units.
Description: Observation of nature’s effect on natural rock-garden formation and application of these principles in the design and installation of local artificial rock gardens: Discussion of native and exotic alpine species, natural rock-garden environments, and plant habitat composition. 0109.10
LH 54 Integrated Pest Management
Units: 1
Class: 1 hour lecture (GR or P/NP)
Acceptable for credit: CSU
Description: Introduction to integrated pest management as a viable alternative to pesticide use: In-depth look at pesticide alternatives; discussion of several integrated pest management case studies and steps needed to begin an integrated pest management program. 0109.00
LH 55 History of Gardens and Gardening
Units: 3
Class: 3 hours lecture (GR or P/NP)
Acceptable for credit: CSU
Description: Historical evolution of gardens from the earliest cultivation of plants by humans to the present day: History of the theory and practice of garden design, horticulture, and cultivation of plants (both useful and ornamental), and of the artistic, social, philosophical, and literary contexts of garden-making through the ages; examination of the lives of people who have contributed to the creation of gardens by designing them, creating and cultivating plants to grow in them, writing about them, and depicting them in art, literature and music.
D/CA: not required for any LANHT majors but successful course completion does satisfy Area 3, Humanities, General Education (toward AA/AS degree- see a counselor if you are on an award track!) unfortunately, course is rarely offered. 0109.00
LH 57 Form and Composition in Landscape Design
Units: 3
Class: 3 hours lecture (GR or P/NP)
Acceptable for credit: CSU
Description: Principles of composition underlying landscape design: Dynamics of space and scale, visual order, form relationship, aesthetic and experiential dimensions of materials and plants. 0109.10
D (required): AA/LA;
LH 58 CAD Clinic for Landscape Horticulture
Units: 1
Class: 3 hours laboratory (GR or P/NP)
Pre-requisite: LH 34A
Acceptable for credit: CSU
Description: Practical training in the computer-assisted landscape design software VectorWorks: Continuation of materials presented in LH 34A for the preparation of landscape plans in both academic and professional work; designed to increase speed and proficiency in the use of the software, including use and application of all 2D drawing, drafting and editing tools and resource libraries; and creation and management of customized resources and symbols. 0109.10
LH 60A Freehand Drawing for landscape Designers I
Units: 3
Class: 2.5 hours lecture, 2 hours laboratory (GR or P/NP)
Acceptable for credit: CSU
Description: Freehand drawing techniques to assist landscape designers in producing three-dimensional images of their designs: Basic line-drawing techniques depicting profiles and texture, light, shade, tone, value, and volume; drawing horizon-line perspective sketches; rendering plants and landscape materials. 0109.10
D (required): AA/LA;
LH 60B Freehand Drawing for landscape Designers II
Units: 3
Class: 2.5 hours lecture, 2 hours laboratory (GR or P/NP)
Acceptable for credit: CSU
Description: Freehand drawing techniques to assist landscape designers to produce three-dimensional images of their designs: Constructing freehand gridded perspective drawings of existing landscapes, converting plan-view landscape design drawings into freehand perspective and axonometric views, depicting complex terrain and elevation changes. 0109.10
LH 60C Freehand Drawing for landscape Designers III
Units: 3
Class: 2.5 hours lecture, 2 hours laboratory (GR or P/NP)
Acceptable for credit: CSU
Description: Freehand drawing techniques to assist landscape designers to produce three-dimensional images of their designs: Advanced freehand drawing techniques, isometric sketching techniques, mixed-media presentations, rapid visualization methods, presentation-quality perspective drawings. 0109.10
LH 64 Sketching the Cultural Landscape
Units: 3
Class: 2 hours lecture, 3 hours laboratory (GR or P/NP)
Acceptable for credit: CSU
Description: Sketching as a tool for evaluating and recording how people interact with place in the Bay Area: Urban patterns, social, ethnic and historical influences, and the interaction of built and natural landscapes; readings, discussions, and keeping annotated sketchbooks. 0109.10
LH 76 Edible Landscaping
Units: 3
Class: 2 hours lecture, 3 hours laboratory (GR or P/NP)
Recommended preparation: LH 1
Acceptable for credit: CSU
Description: Use of food-producing plants in the constructed landscape for homeowners, renters, school gardens, community gardens, senior centers, and micro-farms.
D/CA: This course is one of elective options for the Permaculture certificate .0109.00
LH 77 Crop Production, Marketing and Sales
Units: 1.5
Class: .5 hours lecture, 3 hours laboratory (GR or P/NP)
Acceptable for credit: CSU
Description: Plant production from seed to sale: Crop production including propagation techniques, soil mixes, fertilizers, light and water, sales and marketing strategies. 0109.00
LH 80 Urban & Community Forestry
Units: 2
Class: 2 hours lecture (GR or P/NP)
Acceptable for credit:
Description: Foundations of urban and community forestry: Technology used in the field by arborists; appraisal and value of urban vegetation; planning for, managing, and applying work practices performed by practitioners in community forestry and urban forestry; urban forestry policies and vegetation ordinances; best practices for local community resources supporting urban forestry.
D/CA: required for the Landscape Horticulture AS Degree in Arboriculture and Tree Climber Specialist Certificate of Achievement.. 0109.00
LH 81 Arborist Equipment Fundamentals
Units: 2
Class: 1 hour lecture, 3 hours laboratory (GR or P/NP)
Acceptable for credit:
Description: Fundamentals of equipment used in the arborist trade: Chain saws, chippers, plant health care equipment, and aerial lift; truck driving and bucket truck operations; equipment maintenance; equipment safety and safe work practices.
D/CA: required for the Landscape Horticulture AS Degree in Arboriculture and Tree Climber Specialist Certificate of Achievement.
0109.00
LH 82 Tree Health Care
Units: 2
Class: 2 hours lecture (GR or P/NP)
Acceptable for credit:
Description: Exploration of tree health care: Tree management, treatment options, and prescriptions; integrated pest management; plant nutrition; equipment for treatment applications; soil amendment; managing tree construction damage; integrated vegetation management standards; tree risk assessment; and tree hazard management.
D/CA: required for the Landscape Horticulture AS Degree in Arboriculture and Tree Climber Specialist Certificate of Achievement.
0109.00
*LH 83 Large Equipment Operations for Arborists
Units: 3 *Prerequisites: LH81, LH84, LH86
Class: 2 hours lecture, 3 hours laboratory (GR or P/NP)
Acceptable for credit:
Description: Introduction to large-scale arboriculture equipment: Driving trucks and trailers; operation of lifts, stump grinders, and accessory equipment such as log loaders, booms, and cranes; rigging equipment, techniques, and safety; safe tree removal; felling trees and large limb felling.
D/CA: required for the Landscape Horticulture AS Degree in Arboriculture and Tree Climber Specialist Certificate of Achievement.
0109.00
*LH 84 Pruning for Urban & Community Forestry
Units: 1 *Prerequisites: LH26
Class: 3 hours laboratory (GR or P/NP)
Acceptable for credit:
Description: Principles and practices in pruning for urban and community forestry: Tree care pruning standards and application of those standards to various tree care situations; trees assessment for pruning needs; types of pruning cuts and how to perform the cuts properly; commercial, municipal, and utility applications for pruning; application of pruning practices for specific tree species.
D/CA: required for the Landscape Horticulture AS Degree in Arboriculture and Tree Climber Specialist Certificate of Achievement.
0109.00
LH 85 Introduction to Aerial Tree Work
Units: 2
Class: 1 hour lecture, 3 hours laboratory (GR or P/NP)
Acceptable for credit:
Description: Practices and techniques of tree climbing and aerial tree work: Pre-climb inspections; climbing equipment for safety; rope installations; ascending skills; re-positioning skills; maneuvering techniques; descending skills; knots for various situations and applications; emergency response procedures including aerial rescue basic concepts.
D/CA: required for the Landscape Horticulture AS Degree in Arboriculture and Tree Climber Specialist Certificate of Achievement. 0109.00
*LH 86 Applied Aerial Tree Work Units: 2 *Prerequisite: LH85
Class: 1 hour lecture, 3 hours laboratory (GR or P/NP)
Acceptable for credit:
Description: Strategies and techniques of applied aerial tree work: Safe work practices; operating chain saws in an aerial situation; performing pruning cuts at heights; rigging loads during aerial work; climbing in spurs; decision-making for aerial pruning cuts and tree care; aerial rescue training.
D/CA: required for the Landscape Horticulture AS Degree in Arboriculture and Tree Climber Specialist Certificate of Achievement. 0109.00
*LH 87 Advanced Aerial Tree Work Units: 2 *Prerequisites: LH13, LH83, LH84, LH86
Class: 1 hour lecture, 3 hours laboratory (GR or P/NP)
Acceptable for credit:
Description: Advanced, hands-on applications of aerial tree work: Emergency response; aerial rescue; storm preparedness; storm damage response; working with wood under tension; tree risks & mechanics; emerging trends impacting the trade and occupation; skill building in advanced or specialized/technical aerial tasks associated with rigging, removal and felling.
D/CA: required for the Landscape Horticulture AS Degree in Arboriculture and Tree Climber Specialist Certificate of Achievement. 0109.00
*LH 88 Crew Leadership in Arboriculture
Units: 1 *Prerequisites: LH13, LH80, LH82, LH83, LH84, LH86
Class: 3 hours laboratory (GR or P/NP)
Acceptable for credit:
Description: Aspects of crew leadership in arboriculture: Preparation for post-training work duties; examination of key job duties and tasks associated with tree care operations; communications, planning, and leadership; setting up job sites; managing resources; reporting work performed; application of communication and interpersonal skills to various work site situations; interpreting written work orders/plans; application of leadership skills to solve problems; examine strategies for creating safe workplaces and modeling safe cultures for diverse populations.
D/CA: required for the Landscape Horticulture AS Degree in Arboriculture and Tree Climber Specialist Certificate of Achievement.
0109.00
LH 201 Landscape Maintenance Practices
Units: 3
Class: 3 hours lecture (GR or P/NP)
Acceptable for credit: CSU
Description: Day-to-day aspects of maintenance gardening: Organizational skills, advertising, tool selection, generating business, estimating strategies, setting rates, client relations, efficiency strategies, and good maintenance habits. 0109.10
LH 202 Soil Management Lab
Units: .5
Class: 1.5 hours laboratory (GR or P/NP)
Course study under this section may be repeated three times for a maximum of 2 units.
Description: Experimental and field exercises based on principles and techniques of soil management: Analyzing soils and plants, writing soil reports, performing field tests on the status of soil fertility, classifying important soils of the immediate area, and developing the necessary skills to determine soil fertilizer recommendations. 0109.00
LH 203 Greenhouse Operations and Management
Units: 3
Class: 3 hours lecture (GR or P/NP)
Description: In-depth study of greenhouse operations and management: Construction of greenhouse structures for specific crops such as mums, cyclamen, poinsettias and azaleas; greenhouse growing media; irrigation systems; heating and cooling; and fertilization programs. 0109.20
LH 206Landscape Maintenance Business Practices
Units: 3
Class: 3 hours lecture (GR or P/NP)
Description: Business aspects of maintenance gardening: Bookkeeping, tax records, licenses, and legal matters such as contract law in preparation for the landscape contractors examination; also covers small claims court procedures. D/CA: required for the Landscape Horticulture AS Degree in Arboriculture and Tree Climber Specialist Certificate of Achievement. 0109.10
LH 207 Special Projects in Landscape Horticulture
Units: 1-4
Class: .5-2 hours lecture, 1.5-6 hours laboratory (GR or P/NP)
Course study under this section may be repeated three times for a maximum of 16 units.
Description: Special projects in landscape horticulture: Provides hands-on experience with projects ranging from plant propagation and greenhouse operations to design, construction, irrigation, installation and maintenance of community gardens as well as California native and nonnative gardens. 0109.00
LH 208A Growing and Using Healthful Herbs
Units: 2
Class: 1 hour lecture, 3 hours laboratory (GR or P/NP)
Description: Comprehensive study of growing and using herbs for culinary, medicinal, utilitarian, and ornamental use: Herb identification and usage; planting, care, and propagation of herbs; harvesting, preparing, creating, and safely applying herbal products. 0109.00
LH 208B Growing and Using Healthful Herbs
Units: 2
Class: 1 hour lecture, 3 hours laboratory (GR or P/NP)
Description: Application of information and principles learned in LH 208A: Performing demos and presentations, and supervising beginning-level students. 0109.00
LH 208C Growing and Using Healthful Herbs
Units: 2
Class: 1 hour lecture, 3 hours laboratory (GR or P/NP)
Description: Research of selected herbs, preps, or other aspects of herbology: Designing an herb garden. 0109.00
LH 210A Landscape Design Forum I
Units: 2
Class: 2 hours lecture (GR or P/NP)
Description: Forum emphasizing professional practices in landscape design, including review of student designs for client presentation and guest speakers in the trade: Basics of contracts and professional licensing options; development of a portfolio to market services. 0109.10
LH 210B Landscape Design Forum II
Units: 2
Class: 2 hours lecture (GR or P/NP)
Description: Forum emphasizing professional practices in landscape design, including review of student designs for client presentation and guest speakers in the trade: Strategies for estimating landscape design fees and installation costs and managing project budgets. 0109.10
LH 210C Landscape Design Forum III
Units: 2
Class: 2 hours lecture (GR or P/NP)
Description: Forum emphasizing professional practices in landscape design, including review of student designs for client presentation and guest speakers in the trade: Presenting designs to clients and planning boards; developing resource lists of nurseries, suppliers, and subcontractors; continuing education opportunities in the landscape design field. 0109.10
LH 211A Beneficial Beasts in the Garden and Landscape
Units: 2
Class: 1 hour lecture, 3 hours laboratory (GR or P/NP)
Description: Study of the benefits of incorporating wild, naturalized, and domesticated members of the animal kingdom in the garden and landscape: Life cycles and ecological environments (aquatic, terrestrial, aerial) of animals typically encountered or used in the garden and landscape with concentration on representative species (worms, maggots, mantises, escargot, honeybees, tadpoles, birds, livestock, etc.); biological, mechanical, temporal, and other natural barriers detrimental to undesirables in the landscape. 0109.00
LH 211B Beneficial Beasts in the Garden and Landscape
Units: 2
Class: 1 hour lecture, 3 hours laboratory (GR or P/NP)
Description: Application of information and principles learned in LH 211A: Performing demos and presentations, and supervising beginning-level students. 0109.00
LH 211C Beneficial Beasts in the Garden and Landscape
Units: 2
Class: 1 hour lecture, 3 hours laboratory (GR or P/NP)
Description: Research of selected topics in applied zoology: Designing a system integrating animals in the garden landscape. 0109.00
LH230 – Introduction to Cannabis Production
Units: 3
Description: Principles and practical application of commercial cannabis production techniques in the greenhouse and outdoor environment: Overview of the California cannabis industry with emphasis on crop selection and scheduling, market cycles, greenhouse controls and media, watering, basic hydroponics techniques, pest control, post-harvest handling, and marketing
LH233 – Cannabis Careers
Units: 1
Description: Career development strategies and exploration of emerging cannabis industry fields: Exploration of horticulture jobs in cannabis cultivation, nursery and propagation, and harvest and post-harvest sectors, with hands-on training in interviewing and job application preparation.
LH235 – Cannabis Pruning, Harvesting, and Trimming
Units: 0.5
Description: Principles of cannabis pruning, harvesting, and trimming: best practices for pruning to increase yield and prevent pests and diseases; harvesting timing and technique; and trimming including post-harvest processing.
LH237 – Spring Cannabis Lab
Units: 2
Description: Application of Spring cannabis cultivation techniques: Starting plants from seed and clones, preparing growing areas, transplanting to field or greenhouse, pest control, and plant nutrition and watering during vegetative growth.
LH238 – Summer Cannabis Lab
Units: 2
Description: Application of Summer cannabis cultivation techniques: Sexing plants, taking vegetative cuttings, nutrition and watering during remainder of vegetative growth and transition to flowering, identifying male flowers on female plants, and monoecious tendency
LH239 – Fall Cannabis Lab
Units: 2
Description: Application of Fall cannabis cultivation techniques: Pest control during flowering, final pruning to increase yield, nutrition and watering during flowering, stress anther identification, harvesting best practices, trimming, drying and curing, and evaluating finished cannabis.
LH240 – Personal Use Cannabis Garden Cultivation
Units:
Description: Principles and practical application of home-based cannabis cultivation techniques: Organic, environmentally friendly and sustainable methods for outdoor production in soil and containers at home; including basic propagation techniques; organic pest control methods, nutrients, and building healthy soil; and harvest and storage best practices.
LH 248NA-TZ Selected Topics in Landscape Horticulture
Units: .5-9
Class: 0-9 hours lecture, 0-27 hours laboratory (GR or P/NP)
Description: See section on Selected Topics. 0109.00
LH 348NA-TZ Selected Topics in Landscape Horticulture Units: .5-9
Class:0-9 hours lecture, 0-27 hours laboratory (GR or P/NP)
Non-degree applicable
Description:See section on Selected Topics. 0109.00
LH 501 Urban Community Garden (Non-credit)
Units: 0
Class: 1 hour lecture, 3 hours laboratory (Not graded)
Course study under this section may be repeated as necessary
Description: Urban community gardening: Benefits, skills for design and implementation, raised-bed garden techniques, garden maintenance, plant/crop selection, and community organizational skills. 0109.00
